On Pager 105 of his book, The Passionate State of Mind, Eric
Hoffer shares three entries, which I quote and then comment on.
Hoffer: “ 185
We are likely to have regard for the opinion of others only
when there is a chance that the opinion might now and then be in our favor.”
My response: We have low self-esteem naturally, so we cannot
stand too much negative input. Even, competent, self-confident individualists
can only stomach so much negative feedback.
If we are individuating mavericks, then we are smart,
creative, productive, and competent: we are the solid, real McCoy, so the
opinions of others for or against us, will not matter to us too much. When the
community speaks of us, if they are honest and impartial, their opinion should
be favorable more than not.
Those among us that live as groupist mediocrities, that are
dull, intellectually lazy, hedonic, underperforming non-producers, then the
opinions of others, pro or con, based on truth or smears, matter to us much
more than they should. If these opinions are unfavorable but honest more than
honest but favorable, as underperformers and shirkers, public opinion about us
should not be very supportive and positive, and that is what we deserve.
Hoffer: “The Negro who is convinced that public opinion will
be against him, no matter how he acts, often behaves like a spoiled society
lady who does not give a damn what people think of her.”
My response: Many regarded Hoffer as racist, but I think
mostly he is not. He is an individualist and an egoist, and he rightly is highlighting
that collectivist, tribal peoples from Africa or where ever, deemphasize
individualism, egoist morality, and a standard of self-expectation that would
by horrified and embarrassed about oneself when one is criminal, slacking, immoral
or misbehaves. The individuators has too much positive pride to live below his
own standards of behavior, so he judges himself by his own standards, and what
the public thinks, though interesting, is not very relevant to how he regards
and motivates himself.
Hoffer is suggesting that, as blacks individuate more, and
live more as egoists, then they will less and less care about public opinion
and will do what is right because that is how they insist each of them is to
live and must live per their self-imposed standards.
Hoffer: “ 186
It is impossible to think clearly in understatements.
Thought is a process of exaggeration. The refusal to exaggerate is not
infrequently an alibi for the disinclination to think or praise.”
My response: This epistemological stance, taken by Hoffer,
may be one of his most trenchant insights, and is the key to understanding his
philosophy and worldview. Hoffer is an epistemological moderate but often an
exaggerator in his communicative style.
Hoffer instinctively—and plainly explicitly and
self-consciously by the time he wrote this entry—realizes that the expression
of opposites, clashing against each other, reinforcing and complementing each
other, ultimately being rationally reconciled with each other in an uneasy,
teeming harmony, these compared and contrasted opposites, dealt with as a
rational and emotional process, get the intellectual juices flowing, enabling
the thinker to think, to generate new ideas, to do original work.
He and I advocate radical openness of ideas offered, and
almost pure free speech, allowing wild speculation, and outrageous opinions—even
hate speech.
Hoffer talks outrageously but his exaggeration is to get the
ideas flowing: there was something extroverted and social about his
philosophical communicating. Once the range and depth of new ideas is bubbled
to the surface as new thoughts, then the thinker can sift through his products
and rank, categorize, and variously accept and reject what he produced.
Hoffer might seem tendentious, and he is a bit, but mostly
he is fair and impartial. He is not for lying or narrow thinking, but he knows
that communicative exaggeration might break loose some torrent of original
ideas which could be beneficial to the thinker and for humanity.
Those that are too constipated and buttoned-down—mid-twenties
century analytic philosophers not interested in metaphysics--in their
communication style and in the content of their ideas: these understaters will
not think well or deeply, know truth or think originally. Their addiction to
understatement is actually anti-intellectual, so here is another Hofferian
paradox revealed.
Note that both Hoffer and Ayn Rand used communicative overstatement
and flamboyance, but he did not make the mistake of identifying overstatement
with quality thinking, whereas, Rand the absolutist and near pure dogmatist was
strident and unwavering in her thinking and in her expression of her thoughts,
and this radicalism and extremism might have made her less truthful and
accurate about reality and people than she was confident that she had attained,
though she is an epistemological and moral giant, in my non-professional opinion.
Somehow Hoffer seems more in touch with reality and truth
than Rand was.
Hffer: “ 187
When we are engrossed in a struggle for sheer survival, the
self occupies the center of the stage; it is as were our holy cause.
Selflessness then is meaningless. The enthusiasm of self-surrender can rise
only when we no longer have to strive for physical survival.”
My response: Hoffer seems to be arguing that self-interest
as the primary motivator in humans occurs under two very different
circumstances. First, the poor and the hungry struggling for sheer survival
think of nothing but making it to the end of the day; their lives are filled
with meaning—albeit much suffering and pain are felt—they have no time to worry
about fleeing the self, or losing the self in a mass movement, serving a guru
and a holy cause.
Second, the other type of individual engrossed by
self-interest as her primary motive is the prosperous individuator.
I would argue that the poor and hungry motivated by self-interest,
are actually, naturally groupists, clawing and fighting each day just to
survive. Once their situation improves a bit, a lot, or a whole lot, then their
self-awareness makes them deeply sensitive to their collectivist morality and
group-identity as personal identity: at this point, their natural selflessness
becomes apparent to them and a burden: in a successful social order, they will
lead lives of quiet desperation and discontent; once their social order
collapses, these prosperous, alienated groupists now feel frustrated, and their
requirement for a holy cause to worship, serve and self-sacrifice to, now
becomes paramount, and their self-surrender enthusiastically embraced by them is
their sole preoccupation.